Monday, September 10, 2012

Missing the Multiplier

Independent India has seen the MSME sector grow by leaps and bounds and is proving to be the most promising and reliable sector for job creation and poverty alleviation in India. Despite an elaborate and dynamic policy framework, the road to the next level for MSMEs continues to be hindered largely due to the lack of adequate and timely credit.

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is widely considered to be the engine of the Indian economy. Constituting over 80% of the total number of industrial enterprises, it serves as the backbone of the nation’s industrial development. However, since independence, it has been suffering from some fundamental problems (poor credit availability, low level of technology, less skilled manpower, low production capacity and others), which have been the major roadblocks in its endeavour to scale up.

Globally considered as the driver of all economies (developed & developing) and a medium for promoting equitable development, SMEs in India contribute significantly to the manufacturing output, employment and exports of the country. According to the 4th All India Census by GoI, Ministry of MSME, it is estimated that in terms of value, the sector contributes 45% to manufacturing output and 40% to total exports. The sector is an umbrella for around 30 million units (both registered and unregistered in both manufacturing and service enterprises) and is the biggest employment provider after agriculture; providing employment to 59 million people (2006-07), which is supposed to grow to around 70 million by 2010. Producing more than 8000 products for national and international markets, SMEs’ contribution to India’s GDP has risen three-folds from 6.04% in 2000-2001 to 17% in 2009-10, and is expected to reach 22% by 2012.

Of all the problems faced by MSMEs, non-availability of timely and adequate credit at reasonable interest rates is the most significant. Despite its commendable contribution to the nation’s economy, SMEs do not get the required support from the concerned government departments, banks, financial institutions and corporates, which hampers its competitiveness in the national and international markets. One of the major causes for low availability of bank finance is the high risk perception of the banks in lending to SMEs and consequent insistence on collaterals (despite strict RBI guidelines not to insist upon collateral against a loan), which are not easily available with these enterprises. Manas Kumar Nag, CGM-SME, SBI, adds another perspective to the problem, “Generally, SMEs coming for loans are not aware of their financial position, which leads to lack of transparency and hesitation from our side.” The problem is most acute for micro enterprises and first generation entrepreneurs requiring small loans. Let us look at the options that are available to them.

In the year 2000, the Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGMSE) was launched by the Government of India to provide collateral-free credit and strengthen the funding system to facilitate smooth flow of credit to the SME sector. To operationalise the scheme, GoI and Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) jointly set up the Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE). Both the existing and the new enterprises were eligible to be covered under the scheme. Under this scheme, the lender should give importance to project viability and the borrower should avail the credit facility purely on the primary security of the assets financed. The Credit Guarantee Scheme (CGS) reassures the lender that, in case of any default by the unit that availed collateral free credit facilities, the Guarantee Trust would reimburse the loss incurred by the lender up to 80 to 85% of the credit facility.


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2012.
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles.
 
IIPM : The B-School with a Human Face
Posted by at
Labels: , , , , , , , , , ,

Saturday, September 08, 2012

G’FIVE INTERNATIONAL LTD.: STRATEGIES ADOPTED AND THE FUTURE

It took time to come to India. But now that it’s here, the firm is giving nightmares to leading brands in the Indian handset market. What has made G’Five click? Critically, will it become the #2 soon? 

Clearly, G’Five is not an underdog anymore. It is not just another name in the crowd, despite the fact that there are 35 manufacturing vendors in the market today (a rise in count of 600% since January 2008). G’Five has very scientifically chosen the right target segments and product models to maximise its sales in India. In recent quarters, there has been a phenomenal rise in the sales of dual and triple-SIM cards slot phones. During Q2, 2010 alone, this category accounted for 38.5% of the total Indian mobile handset shipments – a phenomenal rise from under 1% in the same quarter a year ago (as per IDC; Nokia opposes this finding). To tap this opportunity, all the handset models that G’Five has launched in India over the last three quarters – T560, U800, F2, G9000i, et al – have all been a multi-SIM cards slot phones. The company claims that it has over 300 models in the Indian marketplace, and that it comes out with two new handsets every week.

G’Five also offers prices at points which are precisely as per the doctor’s prescription. Targeting consumers in the lower-middle segment and the bottom of the pyramid, G’Five has built a portfolio of products, which aim to provide a plethora of features, with acceptable quality and at very affordable prices (between Rs.1,300 to Rs.5,000) – an admixture that attracts both the neurologically complex urban dwellers and the simple rural populace. “The demand is so high in this sensitive segment that there is still a lot of untapped potential that G’Five can bet its future on,” explains Pankaj Karna, MD, Maple Advisors. Even IDC feels that G’Five’s dual strategy of tapping both the rural and urban markets with such offerings is what’s working the numbers. Adds Anirban Banerjee, Associate Vice-President – Research, IDC India, to B&E, “Based on our interactions with market participants, the large metros have already achieved a high mobile tele-density. Upcountry and rural markets continue to show a healthy appetite for mobile handsets. This trend should continue over the next 2-3 years...”

How a test drive turned into an insatiable hunger for covering countless miles for G’Five, is a question that would squeeze out boredom out of even the most lackadaisical of all strategists. And what makes this book an interesting read is the chapter that explains how G’Five understood the meaning of controlling costs, right from day #1. There are stark differences in quality – of both hardware and software – between G’Five’s handsets and that of the Nokias and the Samsungs. They show. There is also a difference in the manner in which G’Five makes profits. This too is not hidden to the naked eye. The company earns 99% of its revenues from exports out of China, and as such has not set up company-owned branches in any of the foreign markets where it sells, whether it be South-East Asia, the Middle-East, Africa or even South America. Its only manufacturing plant is in Shenzhen, and its lone operation centre is in Hong Kong. In short, the company gives its products to the distributors. This strategy helps to keep a check on operational and fixed costs, thereby allowing the company to enjoy high margins despite keeping the prices of its products at low levels.

A couple of decades back, a claim by any economist that China would overtake Japan as the 2nd-largest economy, would have earned him nothing but humiliating jeers. But China did prove its mettle. Today, you would not dare bet on a roulette on G’Five’s future success probability – at least, we wouldn’t!


Source : IIPM Editorial, 2012.
For More IIPM Info, Visit below mentioned IIPM articles.
 
IIPM : The B-School with a Human Face
Posted by at
Labels: , , , , , , , , ,

Tuesday, September 04, 2012

Much ado about the ‘General’ @ Motors!

An IPO in the pipeline means that the US government could be well on its way to make a swift exit from running GM. This portends positive tidings for GM, which is recovering on the numbers. But a far more daunting challenge is looming up on the horizon. By Pawan Chabra

As General Motors (GM) filed for the Chapter 11 reorganisation process in the Manhattan New York federal bankruptcy court on the June 1st, 2009, the world saw another giant on its knees (literally!) after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008.

The ‘GM way’ was way off mark, and it has taken its own toll in no time for the Detroit giant; with the Japanese onslaught led by Toyota making matters worse. In fact, the demand fall experienced by the company was the worst in its history since World War 2. However, understanding the importance of the automobile industry and GM in particular for American pride, America Inc. and American jobs, the Barack Obama Administration decided not to take the Lehman Brothers way and instead keep GM alive by picking up a 60% stake in return for a significant additional oxygen infusion of about $30 billion. As the American president said on the GM restructuring initiative last year, “Our goal is to get GM back on its feet, take a hands-off approach, and get out quickly.”

The upcoming IPO of the company is a right step in the same direction – getting out. Government intervention surely saved America’s largest automaker and more importantly, millions of jobs associated with it. Undoubtedly, GM has made a speedy recovery going against what was expected by many industry experts at the outset. For the uninitiated, the company filed a profit of $2.2 billion in the first half of 2010 rather than guzzling it at a rate of $1 billion a month, the way it had been doing in the pre-bankruptcy period. As the US Treasury is reportedly looking at shedding close to 20% of its stake in the company, the fact of the matter is – while it will give investors a chance to complain by choice (unlike the earlier case where the US government used the taxpayer’s money to fund GM’s bankruptcy), the Government will continue to hold a substantial share in the company for the short-run, at least. But market watchers are of a view that government will like to move out as soon as possible.

Meanwhile, the strategy to make the China operations as a launching pad for India and other emerging markets has done wonders in no time. Apart from the fact that GM China emerged as the biggest foreign car manufacturer in the country last year, the only 12-year-old subsidiary of the company is very close to overtaking US in sales volumes. For the record, GM sold 1.83 million vehicles in China in 2009 with a whopping rise of more than 67% over 2008, while it sold 2.07 million vehicles in 2009 in US. No wonder, it has chosen Shanghai as the headquarters of its international operations.



 
Posted by at
Labels: , , , , , , , , , ,

Monday, September 03, 2012

Drunk pilots should be jailed!

It’s unbelievable that DGCA still does not cancel the flying license of a pilot flying drunk; the IIPM Think Tank does a critical analysis of the lopsided DGCA regulations

Last month, the DGCA announced that a pilot who gets caught drunk twice ‘might be’ sent for ‘rehabilitation’; and if caught thrice, the same ‘might’ lead to their job termination. Within two days of the announcement, DGCA upped the punishment post haste and announced that a pilot caught drunk once will have his or her license suspended for three months. A second time would lead to permanent suspension.

While the DGCA is self-applauding itself on its apparently stringent resolve to reduce drunk flying, one is flabbergasted at how lenient such a resolve is in reality, given the fact that pilots are responsible for the lives of more than a hundred passengers per flight. The DGCA should learn a lesson or two from the Delhi Traffic Police, which now has a zero-tolerance policy for drunk driving, where any driver caught driving drunk even once will have his/her license cancelled immediately (1378 licenses were cancelled by the Delhi Police in the last eleven months under this clause). Clearly, the DGCA feels that it’s all right to allow drunk pilots to keep flying.

Further, till now, the DGCA has been checking pilots through breath analysers before the flight starts, without keeping a check on whether the pilot drinks during the flight. Pilots know and realise this easiest method of avoiding getting caught. One is told that the DGCA, after so many decades of existence, has started advising such checks post the flight too.

We say that the DGCA diktat should have focussed on cancelling the licence of the pilot and jailing him. The Motor Vehicles Act already has this stringent provision of jailing for drunk drivers, with the term ranging from three months (for first time offenders) to six months (for repeat offenders). It’s unbelievably strange that the DGCA doesn’t believe in that.


Posted by at
Labels: , , , , , ,

Saturday, September 01, 2012

MINING ITS WAY AHEAD

Despite a fall in profits in the last fiscal, nmdc is still among the top 20 profit makers in the country. But will the honeymoon continue for the mining giant? Deepak Ranjan Patra finds out...

It operates in the remotest of the areas in the country, surrounded and obstructed by Naxals and struggling with problems that the big bosses of corporate India can hardly imagine. But still, it gives its competitors a run for their money. Backed by such undying zeal, NMDC is one of the best mining companies in the country and it ranks 18 in the B&E Power 100 list, despite having a year that can be called disastrous for the company.

On the face of it, the results announced by NMDC for the last financial year may seem deceptive for many as profits for the particular fiscal year stood at `34.47 billion, down by over 21% from `43.72 reported in the previous year. But then, the fall in profits resulted more due to external disturbances that caused operational roadblocks for NMDC. As Kumar Raghavan, Executive Director (L & CC), NMDC, says, “In the beginning of the financial year (May, 2009), the Essar pipeline was blasted by the Maoists at several places, placing NMDC under great strain on evacuation of iron ore.” The kind of pressure that was created by the event could be understood from the very fact that the particular pipeline was one of the evacuation means for nearly one-third iron ore for the company’s largest projects at Bailadila, Chhatisgarh. Though the company tried its best to run the show smoothly, the event resulted in a drop of around 12% in the company’s iron ore sales to 25 million tonnes from 28.52 million tonnes in the previous fiscal.

However, the management of NMDC showed extreme character to brush aside the external hurdles during the year resulting in one of the best quarterly results in the company’s history during this period of the current fiscal. NMDC’s Q1 profit increased by a mind-boggling 94% to `15.04 billion from `7.74 billion in the year-ago period. Sighting significant rise in domestic sales as the key reason, Rana Som, CMD, NMDC said, “Improved physical performance coupled with higher prices, transparent pricing systems and improvement in evacuation resulted in the company posting a high net profit in the first quarter.”

Another reason for its success in the recent years has been NMDC’s tremendous ability to operate at the lower end of the cost curve. As explained by Paresh Jain, Analyst, Angel Securities, “At $7.2 per tonne, NMDC’s operating cost is one of the lowest in the global iron ore industry. The major reason for such low costs is the proximity of the company’s mines to ports and railways.” Moreover, to strengthen the advantage further, NMDC is now planning to build a 10 million tonne slurry pipeline from its Bacheli project to the Vizag port, which, as expected by Paresh, would help the mining company maintain its margins.



 
Posted by at
Labels: , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)